What is panic ? Sometimes, unexpected things occur in your code; for these scenarios, Rust has the Panic! macro. This Macro in Rust signals that the code is in a state it cannot handle and must tell the process to stop instead of trying to proceed with invalid or incorrect values. There are two…

What is DAG? A Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) is a particular data structure class connecting various information elements. We can imagine as DAG protocol as a sequence of nodes and edges connecting them. The edges are unidirectional, implying that info cannot move in opposite directions. Any information in the DAG cannot move back…

Plasma is a layer-2 scaling solution that was initially proposed by Vitalik Buterin and Joseph Poon in 2017. The whole concept has been described in its white paper “Scalable Autonomous Smart Contracts”. Plasma, in a nutshell, claimed to be a framework for building scalable applications. …

In Ethereum 2, the network will be upgraded to a proof-of-stake blockchain and present shard chains and a beacon chain. This advancement will lower energy consumption and improve the possible velocity and number of transactions. Nevertheless, it has also raised considerable concerns regarding the future of the Ethereum network. With…

What is the challenge? Ethereum blocks are restricted to the amount of data they can maintain. For instance, image a block can only do 10 transactions. For example, if 10,000 people want to do a transaction simultaneously, Ethereum will pick 10 of the highest bidding fees first. Because gas fees are based on the…

What the hell is MEV ? When a user broadcasts an Ethereum transaction, it doesn’t become part of the blockchain until a miner puts it in a block. This process takes some time. Note that, DeFi has to supply some incentives for all partners. Mining grants and transaction fees allow miners to earn rewards for the…

Solana smart contracts can be written in Rust or even C. Solana presents a distinct smart contract model to traditional EVM-based blockchains. A smart contract is read-only or stateless and retains only program logic. Once deployed, smart contracts can be interacted with by external accounts. Security audits for Solana smart…

Nil pointer deference is a trickly error that can lead to memory access violations once a nil pointer or nil interface was passed to a function that does not handle nil. …

Optimizing your smart contract code can be valuable in decreasing gas fees, making your smart contracts more advantageous. If you’ve ever used smart contracts on Ethereum, you know how painful outrageous fees can be. Even when you use other chains, such as BNB Chain, which offers low fees, transactions can…